Loop Control Statements in C Introduction to HTML How to use the Github API The image tag, anchor tag and the button tag Ordered and Unordered Lists in HTML The division tag HTML Forms Tables in HTML Introduction to C Programming Introduction to Python Varibles and Datatypes in Python Operators in Python Typecasting in Python Input and Output in Python If Else in Python Loops in Python Break, Continue and Pass in Python Python practice section 1 Lists in Python Tuple in Python

If else Statements in C

Sometimes we want to execute take a decision based on whether a condition is true or false. For example - If it's raining, stay home otherwise go outside. In programming also, we may want to execute different statements based on a condition e.g. if a > b, then do this otherwise do that. This is done by using the if-else statements.

Jump to specific sections

Syntax of If else Statement
Example
If else if Ladder
Ternary Operators

Syntax of If else Statements

if(condition is true)
{
    //Statements
}
else  // condition is false
{
    //Statements
}

If there is a single statement following if or else then we can skip the curly brackets.

Example


#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{   
  int cost;
  printf("Enter cost: ")
  scanf("%d",&cost);

  if(cost <= 400)
  printf("Buy");
  else
  printf("Do not buy");
}

If the condition is true i.e the cost <= 400 then Buy would be printed otherwise Do not buy will get printed.

Output 1

Enter cost: 400
Buy

Output 2

Enter cost: 600
Do not buy

If else if Ladder

It is used to check multiple conditions. The syntax is as follows :

if(condition1 is true)
{
    //Statements
}
else if(condition2 is true)
{
    //Statements
}
else  // if none of the conditions is true
{
    //Statements
}

Suppose you want to assign grades to students based on their marks. You can do it by using if else if for checking multiple conditions.


#include
void main()
{
  int marks;
  printf("Enter your marks : ");
  scanf("%d",&marks);
  char grade;

  if(marks > 80 && marks <= 100)
  {
    grade='A';
  }

  else if(marks > 60 && marks <= 80)
  {
    grade='B';
  }

  else
  {
    grade='C';
  }

  printf("Your grade is %d",grade);
}

Output

Enter your marks : 45
Your grade is C

Ternary Operators

It is a shorthand form of if else. If the condition is true then the statement after the ?(question mark) is executed otherwise, the statement after :(colon) is executed.Consider the following example.


#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
  int a,b;
  printf("Enter the value of a and b:");
  scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);

  int c=(a>=b)?(a):(b);
  printf("Largest value = %d",c);
}

Output

Enter the value of a and b: 2 5
Largest value = 5